A Different Sort of Segregation position paper on legalizing drinking essays

A Different Sort of Segregation position paper on legalizing drinking essays "If we [adults between 18 and 21] can still be trusted enough to fight in wars, if we can be trusted enough to vote for our leaders, if we can be trusted enough to have sex, then why the hell can't we be trusted with a glass of wine?" Shamed Dogan By law, anyone 18 years and older will be tried as an adult in court, is allowed to vote, and is required to pay taxes. On one's 18th birthday the law no longer views him as a child yet he is restricted from many places of social activity. Bars and many dance clubs are strictly for those 21 and over due to the legal drinking age in America, so many legal adults are not permitted entry. Clearly a discrepancy exists between an 18 year old adult and a 21 year old adult; however, since they are viewed by law as equals shouldn't they have the same privileges? Obviously certain laws that regulate activities by age are necessary. Voting, alcohol, and driving should not be available to people of any age because of the amount of responsibility these activities require. However the segregation between younger and older adults is unwarranted. Up until 1984 the legal drinking age was 18, however Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) spurred a campaign to raise the age limit to 21. They succeeded with the passage of the National Minimum Purchase Age Act in 1984. (Shamed, Legal Drinking) The law aimed to lower the number of drunk driving accidents, which it has done, but only by a small margin. However, what it has also done is reduce the rights of citizens between the ages of 18 and 21. Americans hold personal freedom to be an undeniable right. The right to drink one's self into a drunken state still falls under the personal rights category; however, this basic freedom is restricted by the implementation of the 1984 law. Instead of being able to have complete control over one's life when they reach the legal age of adulthood, citizens are forced to wait an additi ...

Storytelling in Your College and Career Documents

Storytelling in Your College and Career Documents When we were kids, we all loved stories.   Well guess what?   That hasn’t changed!   I recently read the article Storytelling an Effective Training Method! and it sparked me to write this post. The fact is, we all love a good story.   Admissions committees love good stories.   Hiring managers love good stories.   Customers and clients love good stories.   Always remember:   the person you’re writing for is a human being!   How do you get another human being to read your document?   Spin a good yarn! If you’re applying to college, tell a story with a beginning, middle and end.   I had a client who wrote his college application essay about teaching his sister to ride a bike.   His first draft was all rosy about how great the experience was, and it did not have a compelling beginning, middle and end.   He felt lost in the writing, and the essay was boring. What ultimately made the story great was that he started at the beginning, when he was annoyed at his sister for being small and clumsy, then moved through the process of a breakthrough in becoming a teacher, and a better teacher and finally to where he released the seat and the sister took off on her own on the bike.   Victory! A great story. In college applications, many times what makes a great story is to admit to a struggle or fault, and show how you broke through it.   In a cover letter, believe it or not, you can do the same thing. All kinds of people are saying â€Å"No one reads cover letters anymore.†Ã‚   Well, of course no one is reading them – because they are stilted and boring and no one can get through them!   Have you ever considered that if you write a good enough story in your cover letter that it really  will get read! Do you have an example of a time when a project was failing, and you stepped in to fix it?   That makes a great story!   Is there an example of something you achieved that relates to the job you’re applying for?   Don’t be afraid to tell these stories in your cover letters! On your resume, too, tell as much of a story as you can in a bulleted line. What not to write:   â€Å"Assisted scientists with their research.† What to write: â€Å"Conducted genetic, epidemiology, and behavior research on sport fish in Illinois, Canada, and the Bahamas.† Ah, now that sounds kind of interesting! For an example of a professional bio that tells a great story or two, see Senior Investment Analyst Bio on The Essay Expert’s website.   This client reported to me that she loved her bio story so much that she kept reading it to herself after it was done! Whatever the reason, we all love a good story.   Tell one in your college and job applications.   Tell one in your professional bio.   If you do it well, your intended audience will keep reading†¦Ã‚   and reading†¦Ã‚   and reading.

William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily - Essay Example In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the narrator has highlighted some of the extremes of isolation and seclusion which are the true reflections of Emily’s physical behavior and mental attitude towards herself, the relatives and the society in general. The character Emily is emerged as a true personified character which covered the main theme of the story under the umbrella of isolation. This feeling of being isolated led Emily to react in a certain way which kept everybody out of the enlarged circle drawn on the basis of isolation. Thesis Statement â€Å"Emily’s life is a reflection of isolation that can be experienced from her acts, behaviors and attitudes.† In the story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the narrator presented several times the withdrawal of the character Emily. Emily withdrew herself from her close relatives even from her father, her lover, the community and townspeople around her. Every now and then the proofs of her seclusion from different peop le around her are found in the story. The script witnessed that Emily lived a substantial period of her life with his father only. After her father’s departure, his lover entered into her life, entered into her house but never came out. The townspeople looked the corpse of her lover, Homer, after the death of Emily. There were no signs of Emily getting married to any man and involving herself towards creation of a family which also reflects as how badly she wanted to be stay away from the people. No women of the town had ever seen her house till†¦ Her isolation with man and woman of the town can be observed in the beginning of the story where narrator describes the event of Emily’s funeral. The narrator states that â€Å"The women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.† This shows that how unaware were the women of that town that even at this sad occasion, every women was looking at her house more than sharing grief of the death of Emily. To all the women, the personality of Emily was hidden and none of those women ever had any relationship wtih Emily. The other thing that can be observed from the narrator’s statement is that there was only a single servant, elder in age, had the duties of gardening and cooking. This shows that not even a single woman ever entered into her house and maintained any sort of relationship with Emily. People of the town observed her presence very rarely even after†¦ The story also depicts her isolated behavior of living in the town. For instance, at one point in the story, the narrator describes her persistent isolated behavior even after the death of her father and after the departure of her lover. Her father kept her away from the men till the end of his life. In this way, she remained isolated from men and it can be said that her young age was spoilt by her father. There is al so an evidence of her isolation when her lover disappeared from her life, which can be characterized as another incident of her isolation. The narrator states these lines in the story showing her isolation as â€Å"After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all.† These lines tell her isolation in many ways like isolation due to death of her father, isolation due to departure of her lover, and isolation due to lack of her interest towards the town as anyone hardly observed her presence in the town even after the disappearance of those people. Emily had no interest towards†¦ The reason behind her isolation was the way her father brought her up to stay away from the people especially from men. Even when was she was in her thirties, she was still single. The

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Report - Essay Example The essence of this system of accounting for Non Current assets is that; eventually, these assets have to be replaced and hence the best estimate for the company to use as the replacement cost of wearing away is depreciation. Accounting in the Income Statement Although IFRS has clearly spelt out that costs should be â€Å"capitalized as part of the cost of the asset if future economic benefits are probable and can be reliably measured† (Ernst &Young, 2009, p. 7), the model has not clearly specified clearly, how the units of account, used in long-term assets, should be determined. As such, the determination of a unit of account is based on the discretion of the management, who consider both the asset’s materiality and the intended use in order to fix the appropriate units. In respective of this view, the ‘minor spare parts’ should be considered less material and, therefore, treated as expenses under the Income Statement. The entire ? 5,700 should be accounte d for under this category. The other two categories of costs, including service contract (W4) and depreciation (W2), should be accounted for in the Income Statement since they are expensed. ... or the year ending 30 December 2012 is a sum of the depreciation before the review, of ?30,000 (W5.1) and the depreciation after the review, of ?52, 500 (W5.3). The essence of these calculations, in the context of a change in the original estimate of asset life, is that â€Å" the unamortised depreciable amount of the asset is charged to revenue over the revised remaining useful life.† (Accounting Standard [AS] 6, p. 5). Building X Accounting in the Income Statement Under IFRS (IAS 16), building X is treated as Property Plant and Equipment (PP&E) since it is held for the production of goods and services and it is a Non Current asset. An item under this category is measured at its cost less accumulated depreciation. Alternatively, an entity is at liberty to use revaluation model, considering the asset was revalued. In this respect, a depreciation of ?20,000, ?20,000 and ?40,000 will be accounted for in the Income Statement for the years ending 31 December 2010, 2011, and 2012 r espectively. In addition, the gain on revaluation will be reflected on the Income Statement at ? 1,620,000 (W 8.2). Accounting in the Balance Sheet Following revaluations at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2012, for ?2 million and ?2.5 million respectively; the value of the cost that will appear in the Balance Sheet is ?1 million, ?1 million, ?2 million and ?2.5 million for the years ending 31 December 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively (W 8.1). The respective accumulated depreciations for the years ending 31 December 2010, 2011, and 2012 will be ?60,000, ?80,000 and ?40,000 respectively. Therefore, the cost after revaluation, which will be accounted for the years ending 31 December 2011, 2012 and 2013 will be ?1,000,000, ?20,000 and ?2,500,000 respectively, all treated under Non Current

Liberal Education Essay Example for Free

Liberal Education Essay Essay Education is the most important factor behind the progress man has achieved in this world. It has been the permanent character of human history and evolution of thought. However, in the past, it used to be prerogative of only a few privileged men and the pace of development was quite slow. Since it has been disseminated to common people, there has been rapid growth in every sphere of development: science, technology, sociology, politics, anthropology, etc. Now it is treated as basic human right of every man. Though, it encompasses a wide sphere of knowledge, it has been metamorphosed by man according to his needs. It has been mainly applied as a tool of economic development, which has limited its application. Consequently, people are deprived of the potential education offers for the overall development of personality and stability of society. The chaos in modern world is also partly due to this fault. Therefore, in order to meet the multi-dimensional challenges, man faces in the world, it is essential to impart real education i. e. liberal education. The liberal education has been defined in many ways, though emphasizing the similar essential elements. The best definition is offered by the â€Å"Association of American Colleges and Universities†. â€Å"Liberal education means to empower an individual and prepare him to deal with diversity, complexity and change†. As manifest from the definition, the purpose of education is to enable man to surpass the challenges faced in the world, to know and obtain his rights and to accommodate himself in the constantly changing environment in the present day competitive world. The importance of liberal education in this contemporary globalised world is greatest than ever before. The world has become so shaped that every economic and social activity requires modern and advanced means of communication and technology. The transformation of technological development is on a very fast track. There is a demand of more interactive and communica tive manpower to run this complex system. Moreover, despite the interdependence on each other, the diversity in different areas is in sharp contrast. Hence, the man is required to be quite sufficiently prepared to move forward. And the instrument that can enable him to face these challenges is nothing but liberal education. This is why the renowned scholar â€Å"Skarnovey† says: â€Å"Liberal education: the developing countries must adopt it as it is a necessity†. Nevertheless, it is essential for every nation but the developed countries are already ahead in this sphere. The developing countries, which are still far behind, need to forge efforts to transform their education system in order to catch up with the rest of the world. Not only because it helps in achieving economic development but also because it fulfills the need of society in every sphere of life. The sphere of liberal education is wide enough to call it real education. Basically, education is aimed to develop whole being of a person. It is necessary to educate man to learn social ethics, cultural values, religious obligations, ways and means of a stable society and skills of professional competitiveness. Liberal education, simply, fulfills all these essential needs. It emphasises the development of a citizen who is professionally capable of living in the society in civilised way the way which is not only beneficial to himself alone, but also fruitful for other members of his family, community and society. It is best elaborated in the words of Kurth Kahin; â€Å"Liberal education teaches something about everything and everything about something†. His words can be best understood by contrast to the maxim â€Å"Jack of all; master of none†. Simultaneously, there are also people who are â€Å"Jack of none but master of one†. The people, who acquire general education without proficiency in any specific subject, are explained by the first maxim. While some people who are very skilled and highly qualified in one field like an engineer, scientist or doctor but do not know any other subject or field of life; these are referred to the latter assumption. However, liberal education is a moderate way between both the polar positions. It is aimed at making a person a good professional in any one field and also to possess knowledge and skills about other important fields. More importantly, it makes constructive members of society better described as â€Å"Jack of all; master of one†. In such a way, the objectives of liberal education are multifaceted, which address the requirement of society to a considerable extent. These objectives are briefly discussed here: Firstly, it is the most important for a man to be an informed citizen. The people who are concerned only with their single professional field of occupation cannot be ideally good citizens. They would only be members and nationals of a community or nation. A good citizen is required to be participatory in the social and political building of community, which is the foundation of any society. As the actions of man are based on information and knowledge, without these none understands the obligation towards community and resultantly remains inactive member of society. However, but if the students are inculcated the knowledge of their needs and roles, they would be quite prepared to foresee occurrences and would direct their thoughts and actions towards social and political participation. This can be achieved when the system of education is made liberal which does not aspire to produce only technical robots in human shape but informed and good citizens. Secondly, the philosophy of liberal education envisages the development of creative thinking among the students. Creative thinking has acquired fundamental place in the education system of advanced countries. The students are encouraged to â€Å"think a new†. The creative experiments, creative writings and creative art lead to frame the development of thought process. Though, it is practised in western countries, it owes its origin to the most influential scholars and artists of Greek period and early Muslim era. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Ibn-e-Khaldun, Galileo, Khuw-arzmi, Newton, to name a few, all were creative thinkers. In short, whole of the development in the world and education itself is the result of creative thinking. On the contrary, the limited application of education is insufficient to produce brilliant minds. The specific technological development devoid of human values and ethics has failed to form the basis of a viable society. Thus, it is the objective of liberal education to teach the students various subjects like history, sociology, philosophy and psychology besides their professional field, so that creative thought is encouraged to be developed among them. Therefore, we need to introduce liberal education in order to secure our future based on collective ideals. Thirdly, liberal education improves the skills and competitiveness of students, which is necessary to enable them to get foothold in the competitive market. For example a typist may have good efficiency in his field but computers have replaced typewriter. People like to get their papers typed on computer in order to save their document and to get good command. Now, the excellent typist is in trouble, he would go jobless in the market unless he learns to operate computer. Same is the case with every field of employment. The modes of technology are being transformed very rapidly. In order to meet the demands of market one should be quite prepared and skilled. Hence, the knowledge of mathematics, science, computer literacy and technological acquaintance are necessary to be imparted to the students, which can be achieved through liberal education. Fourthly, as the world has become a global village, the importance of communication skills has been increased manifold. A person must be proficient in national and at least one international language. He must know how to send e-mail, voice-mail or to carryout visual communication. The social change compels the person to change the job for better opportunities. The talented people feel an urge to move towards other countries as well in order to actualise their talent and to obtain maximum result. This is where the communication skills are mostly required. All the communication techniques, basically, listening, speaking and writing are essential ingredients. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the skills of students through methods of listening comprehension and speaking ability tests. All the examinations of foreign languages comprise these elements and even very talented students from developing countries fail to go abroad due to lack of these communication skills in international languages. The world has become so shaped that every economic and social activity requires modern and advanced means of communication and technology. The transformation of technological development is on a very fast track. These few objectives of liberal education underline its importance and need in the developing countries, including Pakistan. Unfortunately, it has not been taken seriously. The system of education in our country is obsolete. It is devoid of the contemporary methodology of teaching and the curriculum is almost from primary to university level. Computer is studied as a field of study only, not as a skill. Even in most of the universities it is taught only to the students of computer department seeking degree in that subject, let alone its use at primary and secondary level. In universities the students of other subjects like sociology, languages, arts and other sciences are not taught the computer skills. This lags them far behind from students of other countries and few quality institutes of the country. Same is true of languages. English though introduced from primary level, is not taught according to the modern techniques of comprehension. Only reading lessons and knowing meaning of words cannot enable students to master the language. The methodology of English departments in universities is also in question. The national language, Urdu, is also not focused at any level of education. Learning of both these languages is important to produce capable and competitive students at the national and international level. The fate of the students of other subjects is also not much different. On the one hand, they are deprived of computer and language skills; on the other they do not become proficient in their field of interest as the proper methodology is not applied. Faculty members are not well qualified, research is not pursued and creative thought is ignored. These defects of our education system are the main reasons of the chaos, unemployment, poverty and social instability in our society. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we must adopt the liberal education system without any further delay. However, this requires a well thought out and comprehensive policy to improve the existing education system. Primarily, we should redesign our curriculum at all levels. All the major components/subjects of liberal education: sociology humanism, citizenship, history, philosophy, languages, computer and sciences must be introduced in every tier of education from primary to university levels in accordance with the capacity of students and the needs of society. Secondarily, all the institutions should be equipped with computer and scientific laboratories and libraries. The research and creative thinking should be encouraged through modern techniques of education. In this regard the accessibility and equality of all sections of our stratified society must be ensured in order to achieve uniform development. Lastly, the faculty must be energised by providing skilled and experienced teachers. The existing teachers should be trained to equip them with modern techniques of teaching methodology. Fresh and young blood must be encouraged to join education field as a profession by enhancing the monetary incentives in the education sector. This policy will yield tremendous benefits to the future of a nation. The liberal education is hailed because it brings concrete advantages. The young generation of Pakistan makes bulk of the population of country. According to a report of the State Bank of Pakistan 65 per cent of the educated youth is unemployed due to irrelevance of their skills with market. If this portion of population is properly skilled, it will prove to be a boost to the economy as the manpower is considered a resource in all countries of the world. Another benefit would be the eradication of poverty. Once our youth are employed, they will naturally add to the income of their families and consequently eradicate their poverty. It will also help in raising the living standard of our common man as it is directly proportional to the income of a family. The liberal education would create sense of understanding and cooperation among the people. The contemporary chaos of extremism and isolationism are due to lack of approach towards collective interests and common goals among people. Once they realise their social obligations and think creatively they will initiate participating positively in the stability of society. It is quite clearly manifested from the discussion that liberal education, which is the real education, is an essential component of good governance and stable society. It not only helps an individual to progressively achieve goals but also gives impetus to economic, political and social stability to a state. In short, it forms the basis of human development in this complex global world of diversity and challenges. It offers a way towards a better change.

modems :: essays research papers

Does the humble telephone lines play a major role in shaping the third millennium? Can a mere pair of thin copper wires twisted around each other transmit Internet data reliably and securely at blazing fast speed, making it possible to view high-quality moving images, sound and vast amounts of data on your personal computer screen or television? The answer is yes, as the growing success of DSL (digital subscriber line) technology abundantly demonstrates. The capacity of a communications channel depends on its bandwidth and its signal-to-noise ratio. A voice connection through a conventional phone network uses a bandwidth of about 3,000 hertz (Hz): from about 300 Hz to 3,300 Hz. An analog modem operating at 33.6 kilobits per second (kbps) requires a slightly wider bandwidth 3,200 Hz and needs a very good connection, one with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Modems operating at 56 kbps achieve their rates by taking advantage of digital connections that circumvent some sources of noise in transmissions toward the end user. But these bit rates are far from the maximum possible on a twisted pair alone. One process that limits bandwidth and signal strength is the steady attenuation of the signal as it travels down the line, with the higher frequencies being affected more severely. Greater capacity is therefore available if the lines are kept short. Originally, the Discrete Multitone approach was intended for sending entertainment video over telephone wires. Because such use relies principally on one-way transmission, most of the subchannels were devoted to the \\"downstream\\" signal, carrying about 6 Mbps, with about 0.6 Mbps available in the other direction. This asymmetric form of DSL has become known as ADSL, and the signal coding is now a worldwide standard. Although the video application has not yet borne fruit, asymmetric transmission fortuitously lends itself to browsing on the World Wide Web. Over the past year ADSL has begun to be widely installed in telephon e networks for always-on Internet access, typically operating at several hundreds of kbps or higher over phone wires up to about 5.5 kilometers in length. The beauty of ADSL, unlike the multilevel coding used in HDSL, is that the data can use channels operating above the voice frequency band, so a single phone line can simultaneously transmit voice and high-speed data. The newest standard of ADSL is G lite which is just for home users, a global standard that limits the data rates to 1.

Native American Woman: Zitkala-Sa

Vanessa Melton-Wampler SOCI3093. 50 March 18, 2013 Professor Thomas Native American Woman: Zitkala-Sa The month of March is Women’s History Month and one of my favorite months of the year. This month has the opportunity to entice people learn about women from all races, ethnicities, and backgrounds, and encourage women to admire those who’ve made a difference. There are many Native American women who’ve fought and died for the rights of their tribe and sex, but she is by far one of my favorite ones.Through literature, music, and politics, she fought to change the thoughts and beliefs of White America so their views of Native American culture could be better ones. Name of Important Woman I chose to write about one of my favorite Native American authors and activists, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. Zitkala Sa, which means Red Bird in the Lakota dialect, is a name she gave herself after she left the tribe and graduated from college (Giese 1996) so she is known by both nam es.She was born February 22, 1876 at the Yankton Sioux Reservation (Johnson and Wilson 1988:27) and she â€Å"died at 61 and was buried in Arlington Cemetery (due to her husband's service in World War I)† in 1938 (Hoefel 1999). Racial/Ethnic Background Gertrude Simmons Bonnin is considered a part of the Yankton Sioux Tribe. She was the mixed child of John Haysting Simmons, a man of Anglo-French decent (Johnson and Wilson 1988:27) and full blooded Yankton Sioux Indian Ellen Tate ‘I yohiwin â€Å"She Reaches for the Wind† Simmons (Henderson 1997). She dentified more with her Native American roots because of the traditional teachings her mother taught her. Her mother taught her the ways and language of the Yankton Sioux and even raised her in â€Å"a tipi on the Missouri River until she was 12† (Hoefel 1999). Justification Gertrude Simmons Bonnin/Zitkala-Sa is such an important woman because of her positive contributions to the Native American community. Bonn in not only was â€Å"one of the leading figures in the Pan-Indian movement† she â€Å"dedicated her life to improving the social and educational awareness of American Indians† (Johnson and Wilson 1988:27).She used her writing skills to fight for new legislation that favored Native Americans. Her involvement as editor of the American Indian Magazine, a quarterly magazine for the Indian Rights Association (SAI) helped to keep her people informed of any new legislation (Johnson and Wilson 1988:30). Life History It was at this age when Ellen Tate ‘Iyohiwin Simmons decided to send her daughter to the same boarding school she attended so Bonnin would have the â€Å"ability to fend for herself later in life among an increasing number of palefaces† (Hoefel 1999).The boarding school Gertrude Bonnin attended was run by Quaker Missionaries in Wabash, Indiana. The White’s Manual Labor Institute became Bonnin’s home for four years until she returned to t he reservation in South Dakota. Against her mother’s wishes, she decided to seek higher education by attending another school even further from home called the Santee Normal Training School in Nebraska. After graduating from that school, Bonnin went on to get several scholarships, degrees, and accolades from Earlham College in Indiana and Boston Conservatory of Music.After college, she retained a teaching job at the Carlisle Indian School. This school was founded by Richard Henry Pratt, an army officer with the mottoes â€Å"’From savagery to civilization’ and ‘We must kill the savage to save the man’† (Giese 1996). In addition to his mottoes, â€Å"Pratt abusively exploited the students for labor while at the same time receiving government funds for each student attending the school† (Henderson 1997). During the two years she taught at the school, she wrote about the punishments done to the students who didn’t conform.This is w hen she became known as Zitkala-Sa; writer and activist. She was criticized â€Å"because many felt she showed no gratitude for the kindness and support that the white people had given her in her education† (ibid. ). She married Captain Raymond Bonnin, who was a mixed Native American just like she was. Together they had a son and lived on the Ute Reservation in Utah for fourteen years. It was there she actively got involved in the movement for changes within the Native American community.Through her efforts, Bonnin gained an ally named Montezuma who â€Å"echoed [Bonnin’s] anti-BIA sentiments† and supported her fight to grant the Indians full citizenship rights so they could determine their own fate (Johnson and Wilson 1988:34). Contributions During her lifetime, Bonnin accomplished a lot in the name of her Native American heritage. In 1916, the Bonnin’s moved to Washington DC where she acted as secretary and editor of the American Indian Magazine. She fo ught to ban the use of peyote amongst her people.She â€Å"aired such controversial issues as enfranchisement, Indian military service in World War I, corruption in the BIA, and allotment of tribal lands† (Hoefel 1999). She has expressed her voice and political opinions through her various different writings: Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians: An Orgy of Graft, Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Robbery (1924), American Indian Stories (1921), â€Å"Why I Am a Pagan† (1902), The School Days of an Indian Girl, and An Indian Teacher Among Indians.In addition to her numerous publishing’s about Native American life and her autobiographies, she also was a leader amongst her people. She and her husband founded the National Council of American Indians in 1926. Legacies She was the first and only president of the NCAI, where she â€Å"was the sole support of the organization, through speaking engagements to women’s groups† (Giese 1996) and whil e she was alive, its membership was made up of only Native Americans. Through her struggles and efforts, she helped â€Å"American Indians gained full citizenship in 1924,† (Johnson and Wilson 1988:38).She â€Å"fought for government reform, law codification, Bureau of Indian Affairs’ employment of Indians, Court of Claims’ redress of land settlements, and the preservation of the actual history of her people† as well as â€Å"assimilation, citizenship, and abolishing the BIA† (Hoefel 1999). References Giese, Paula. 1996. â€Å"Gertrude Bonnin Zitkala Sha Yankton Nakota. † Retrieved March 19, 2013 (http://www. kstrom. net/isk/stories/authors/bonnin. html). Henderson, Melessa Renee. 1997. â€Å"Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. † Voices from the Gaps, Edited by Lauren Cutright.Retrieved March 20, 2013 (http://voices. cla. umn. edu/artistpages/bonnin. php). Hoefel, Roseanne. 1999. â€Å"Zitkala-Sa: A Biography. † The Online Archive of Nine teenth-CenturyU. S. Women’s Writings, Edited by Glynis Carr. Retrieved March 20, 2013 (http://www. facstaff. bucknell. edu/gcarr/19cUSWW/ZS/rh. html). Johnson, David L. and Raymond Wilson. 1988. â€Å"Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, 1876-1938: ‘Americanize the First American. ’† American Indian Quarterly 12 (1):27-40. (Retrieved from JSTOR on March 23, 2013).

Generational Poverty Essay

Special populations refers to â€Å"disadvantaged groups† in our society. It examines the effects society has on person or persons. This can consist of generation poverty, the aged or elderly, and women. These populations face complex challenges in their daily lives. Economic instability, lack of resources, lack of education and lack of unity from society keeps special population groups in hardships. Generational poverty involves special population of poor people. It is cycle of poverty wherein two to three generations were born and lived in poverty. Complex factors are involved that hinders them from striving to attain advantages that other groups may enjoy. People in generation poverty focus on survival and live in the now. They do not plan because they live in the present time and do not plan for the future. They live on day to day survival and live in the moment. Any situation that they are exposed to is met with a reactive mentality. This leads to lack of organization and planning their life and their family’s life for proactive living. Further, their money is for entertainment and to entertain others. They sometimes create and accomplish short term outcomes for immediate gratification. People become their possession, on the other hand, in middle and upper class, they focus on material security. The middle class plans for the future and the wealth plans for the future and involved themselves into politics. Due to lack of a good solid education, many people of generational poverty are unable to communicate effectively therefore they become anger. Parents of poverty do not want their children to receive an education, because they might leave home if they are educated. In addition they have a lack of value in education. Poverty learns from poverty whereas they all adopt the poverty norm. Most parents only have an elementary education and cannot read or do math. They raise their kids not empathizing the importance of an education. Many students do not assign value to school work or to their education. School tardiness and absences are excessive due to transportation issues or parents lack of involvement. Parents who did poorly in school do not put a great emphasis on their children to succeed in school. Students have access to poor quality school resources. They are less likely to find out about the world, obtain job skills, and relying heavily on peers and parents for social and emotional support. Investing in good schools, teachers, lunches, exposure to a structure lifestyle, and relationships could help poor students break the cycle of poverty. As for the lack of an education, families of generation poverty rely heavily on body language to communicate with others and the men constantly display a defensive stance when in public. They do not use specific jargon as like educated people who uses specific words and extensive vocabulary to display their intelligence. Emotions are usually openly displayed. Conflict resolution for the poor is usually physical fighting than verbal fighting or going to court. Likewise, parental poverty effects the motivation of the children. Tools are very limited or do not exist in the socio-environment, so the concept of repair and fix it does not carry any priority in the day to day life activities. Also, food becomes a necessity and valued for its quantity rather than is quality. Many people living in poverty consume a lot of cheap junk food which contributes to childhood obesity. The middle and uppers class eats for quality and presentation. Furthermore, there are a lack of low skill jobs for the poor. They work in manual labor jobs with low wages that do not require specific skills. Due to industrialization, mining and the auto line industry are closing down. Economy shifted from manufacturing to a service economy, those who could not shift to the shift were left behind. Due to lack of education they are unable to perform in the mainstream job market to conduct business transactions, count, and resolve complex problems. Also, culture and genes interact with one another to influence people’s learning and the ability to make a living. Many children are third or fourth generation of poverty. Many just settle for the status quo instead of not taking the education opportuni ty. Some become teenage mothers, drop out of school, and/or drink or take street drugs. On the other hand, many rely on welfare to live and take pride on needed assistance. Some want get a job or do not think they need a job. Also they feel that society owes them a living. Many do not have the access to resources to locate or search jobs as the middle class and the upper class. ————————————————- Must be given the opportunity and resources to break the cycle of poverty. One must be motivated, hopeful, and willing to learn for a better future. A good solid education provides the poor the steps necessary for to open doors they would never been able to open before for a successful life. ——————————– Another special population group is the aged or elderly. The aged or elderly population faces an array of challenges when there is lack of access to employment. The aged are faced with ageism. Many employers are looking to hire younger employees to replace the aged or elder employees with cheaper salary. Younger employees are usually hired for their fresh perspective and eagerness to learn. Many aged workers are solicited by their employers for early retirement with sometimes a substantial payout. Many are retiring before the normal Social Security age of 65-67 years old. Once the aged is retired or laid off it is difficult to find work elsewhere due to active age discrimination. Many employers view the old employers especially the baby boomers as too rigid, failing health, lack of enthusiasm, afraid of new technologies, do not want to learn new training (stuck in old ways), and expensive to keep. Many aged people are viewing job advertisements with pictures of younger employees. In addition, the aged are facing high cost of medical insurance and healthcare. With the obstacles in the job market, the aged could possibly experience social isolationism, low self-esteem, and financial hardship. ————————————————- On the same token, women face unique challenges that throughout their different life stages that places them into the Special Population group when compared to men. Women still face challenges today in areas of social, economic, sports, political and cultural despite the fact that there has been success in empowering women and shattering the glass ceiling for employment promotions. They live 7 years longer than men, make up majority of the world’s population but yet they are greatly ignored. Some women are subjected to part time jobs and lower wage position than their male counterparts. Likewise, women face ageism and sexism in the media on the average profile of a woman. —————————————- Singled and divorced women are most likely to have low paying jobs than men. This causes a financial strain on the women to pay for households bills and to pay for childcare. Women still earn less than their male counterparts. A man would be hired most likely to be promoted and/or receive a managerial or executive position than a woman. ————————————————- In regards to young girls they face ageism whereas people may think they are untrustworthy, shifty and unreliable. Girls who want to play sports especially on a boys team may be assessed by the players and coach as incapable of keeping up too weak to play the sport. In school, boys are judged as good in math and girls are not. ————————————————- If a woman is in her child rearing age, she could face pregnancy discrimination. With 12 weeks paid leave, the woman could face repercussions from co-workers or administration. Some women feel that having a baby would be putting their career on hold. Most women have to take on the role of raising and caring for the children. Most single parent household are run by women. ————————————————- Also, women in their 20-30s are subjected to domestic violence. Domestic abuse is on a decline, however, women are still at a high risk for abuse. Women in this age group are usually majority of the time victims or assault and battery and rape. ————————————————- Women married for 30 plus years are unable to provide for themselves if they spouse leaves them. For years that have adopted their husband’s identity as their own. Therefore, these women have difficulty with self-independence. If a women because ill, it is more likely that her spouse will abandon her. Women mostly likely will stay and provide health care and nurturing to their ailing spouse. In addition women over 50 will most likely care for their ailing parent and handle the parent’s finances. Older women are seen as unhealthy and sexless. After age 50, women are seen as invisible. They start to believe that their voice or concern is no longer valuable. However, they are viewed as ineffective and dependent on others during their later years. Women have more chronic illnesses than men; men usually acute illnesses. Medical coverage usually covers health care treatment for acute illnesses that men usually acquire. Therefore if a women requires long term care in a nursing home, medical coverage may run out or does not cover the stay. All in all, Special Populations could be apply to any person; everyone has unique needs and advantages/disadvantages from another person or group. We all have challenges; some people are apparent, whereas others are not. Their challenges affect their life adversely. My perspective is that I am going to be cognizant of everyone’s physical challenges and establish cultural competence. My goal will get them to live a more vigorous, productive, and striving lifestyle. I have to effectively assess the needs of my clients and how they are underserved in their community to utilize the tools necessary to address their needs. I want to relate to my clients that having and education and a productive lifestyle is attainable. Everyone is accorded the same rights and opportunities regardless of your challenges. Some people may requires special services to help them attain those rights.

Hate Crimes in America essays

Hate Crimes in America essays Hate Crimes In America Did you know that people with blonde hair have low I.Q.s? Or that people less than five feet tall are more likely to spread a disease? How about that people with brown eyes are really worshipers of Satan? That did not sound very logical, did it? No, you know that people with blonde hair can be as smart or as unintelligent as the next person, that short people are not necessarily better hosts to disease, and that people with brown eyes can believe in whatever they want. Some people, on the other hand, would say these things made perfect sense when applied to a different race, religion, ethnic background, gender or sexual orientation. The idea of prejudice is as old as Mans time on Earth, that someone who is different just is not as good. When a person thinks like this, it can clutter their judgement. They start to see others, different from themselves, as not even human let alone equal. Violence often ensues. When that happens, we have a hate crime. A hate crime does not necessarily have to be a physical violent act. Words and threats can be just as damaging on an emotional level as a physical blow is to the head. Laws have been passed to prevent these actions, however, year in and year out there are hate crimes against different groups running into the thousands...and those are just the reported incidents. The most common variety of hate crimes is committed against the African American community. Acts of violence and hatred against Blacks have been seen throughout history. The earliest forms of hate groups often led these attacks, and groups of old are still present today, such as, the Aryan Nations, and the Ku Klux Klan (http://sociology.ucdavis.edu/classes/grattetHate_Crimes_Class_Site/Hate_Groups.html). Although not thriving as they had in olden times, these groups still exist and have strong followings in many different places. Today, because of their lack of pop...

4 Freshman Writing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them - by Lauren Gartner

4 Freshman Writing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them 4 Freshman Writing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them The freshman year of college can be challenging in many ways. There are new experiences to navigate, adult decisions to make, and classes that are often much more challenging than they were in high school. Many freshmen struggle with writing classes especially. The expectations in these classes are higher, and students are often asked to write about subject matter that is significantly more complex. Because of this, many freshman find themselves making some very   common writing mistakes. We are going to review these mistakes, and then discuss ways to prevent them through some easy to remember essay writing tips. Following 'Rules' About Where to do Your Best Essay Writing â€Å"Always do your writing at a desk in a quiet room that is free from distractions. Never turn on the television or radio, because the noise will distract you. Make sure you have good lighting† You've probably heard this advice since you were in elementary school. Unfortunately, with the exception of the part about good lighting, most of this advice is wrong. The best place to study is anywhere you are comfortable and productive. That might be on a couch in front of the television set, or in the school library. Your best, and most error free writing will be the result of working hard and editing and proofreading. Relying too Much on Spell Check One of the best pieces of advice for college freshmen is to avoid using spell checker to do their editing. The tool might point out gross spelling errors, but it does not do a very good job of detecting misuse of words. In addition to this, spell check dictionaries aren't usually up to date, and they don't always contain technical jargon or other terms that may relate specifically to   your classes. Spell check also encourages a bit of academic laziness. Take the time to review your writing, and you will find more mistakes than spell check ever did. Not Pursuing Outside Help There are so many avenues that students who need help with writing can pursue. There are tutors, instructors who are willing to help during their office hours, and student learning centers. Students who need papers written quickly and professionally can use an essay writing service. Unfortunately, many students put off asking for help until it is too late. Writing to Impress Rather than Convey Information Successful college essay writing is all about your ability to get your point across in a clear and concise manner. Unfortunately, college freshmen often believe that they can impress instructors and earn grade points by using essays to demonstrate their large vocabularies, and their ability to write in minute detail. This does not usually have the effect that they want. College professors are not impressed by these things. What they appreciate is brevity, reasoned logic, and good research. These are the four common writing errors that we believe most impact college freshmen. What do you think?

Description of the Technical Evolution and Trends in the Future for Essay

Description of the Technical Evolution and Trends in the Future for Petrol and Diesel Fuel Injections Systems - Essay Example The paper also discusses the various mechanisms that result in low or high cylinder pressure, provides a brief on the global warming phenomena as the increased use of automotives contributes to the green house gas emissions and finally a note on the issues related to automotive fuel systems. Introduction Fuel injection system, which has become a major form of fuel delivery used in automotive petrol engines, involves injection of fuel into an internal combustion engine. From the late 1980s this fuel injection system has replaced the carburetors, which was till then the most widely used in engines. Most of the fuel injection systems are designed and calibrated to handle gasoline or diesel applications specifically. The advent of the electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems has enabled the use of similar hardware for both diesel and gasoline ("Fuel injection", 2010). The EFI system uses a solenoid-operated injector to spray the atomized fuel into a 3-inch manifold near the intake valve. This technique is not being commonly employed in several vehicles or in some cases the air and fuel is directly injected. This system mainly depends on the injectors which come in various designs, cylinder pressure, fuel line pressure and other similar factors. ... \\ Carburetors A basic model carburetor consists of the following components: Fuel tank that stores the fuel fuel lines or pipes that carry the fuel within the system a pump which passes the fuel from the tank to the engine fuel cleaning filter system that supplies clean air a  carburetor  that mixes the incoming fuel and the air and it also control the amount of mixture entering into the engine the intake-manifold to supply the mixture to the engine. Inside the carburetor the liquid fuel is converted into a fine spray which mixes with the air. A correct amount of this mixture is supplied to the engine via a throttle valve connected to the accelerator or gas pedal. Of the various models, the down-draft carburetor is very common while the side-draft model is not widely used nowadays. In the down-draft model the carburetor is placed on top of the intake manifold and it consists of a floating bowl for the fuel. A tube immersed into the fuel passes the fuel into the discharge nozzle placed at the other end in the venturi. The venturi is narrow and is shaped in a way that will enable the air to pass at a fast speed. This set up can be compared to the wings of an aircraft the shape of which causes the air to flow at a higher speed that creates an area of low-pressure than the atmospheric pressure. This difference in pressure provides an upward trust that lifts the aircraft. This phenomena is referred to as the 'Bernoulli effect' and in the case of the venturi the end of the nozzle protruding into the airflow is an area of low-pressure compared to the fuel injected into the float bowl. This pressure difference causes the fuel to flow from the nozzle which atomizes as it mixes with air. The air-fuel ratio required by a light vehicle is about 15:1 which is terms of weight is

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book review - Essay Example The author’s usage of the word dirt as an allegory is the main construct of the entire book. The book is a distinctive exploration of culture in the early nineteenth century when the colonial settlement took place in New Zealand. It also presents a well-drawn picture of scholarly and enlightening history of sanitation and public health awareness in the early Dunedin, New Zealand. The way the book is written and constructed, it pulls the threads of the discourse analysis, cultural theory, as well as anthropology. The author uses a research methodology that answers certain questions like what does dirt symbolizes or points to, in what ways the colonial settlers parleyed their negative impact, and how did the dirt positively contributed to the city’s development. Moreover, the author highlights the cultural eventuality of dirt that inspired its changeability in the colonial settlements. She provides a narrative on the regulatory practices that added to the dirt and describ es the incidences by using a metonym for the polluted city. Wood’s coherently expresses the implications of her knowledge of history and its snowball effect on the current thinking of town planning. She quite impressively draws a collection of primary sources that without doubt produce a substantial addition to the literature of history of Dunedin. Undeniably, the book is a historical record of a relationship of dirt and the city. Nevertheless, Dirt clearly qualifies for the work of cultural studies and the historical work presented in the book is only to support the theoretical framework of the book (Woods, 2005). Moreover, the book sheds light upon the subject in nine chapters that are built upon splendidly captioned modern photographs, drawings, and cartoons. Wood’s weaves the history of colonial settlers and the impact they had on the Dunedin, New Zealand’s largest city. She has discussed that the issues in the times of colonial setters in the city of New Ze aland were more than the limitation of public health, prowling perils of immorality and town planning. Furthermore, she explores the vital role played by the hospitals and doctors alike, along with authorities who joined in the cause to protect the public from disease and decay. Thus, in order to do so she skims through topics like mud and swamps, toilets, sewerages, abattoirs and cemeteries with emphasis upon pollution and decomposed1. Wood’s, with awareness has put her case study in a wider context, by making comparisons with other cities of New Zealand and Australia. Moreover, she has managed to evaluate the impact the British has left upon the cities thinking that they have brought a positive change with the aid of colonizing the cities. Therefore, the book covers all the points in order to justify the topic the writer has used a multi pronged approach and has showed the intricate linkage between the colonial concept and the dirt, filth and disease it brought with itself2 . Dunedin’s dream withered in to poor planning, unhygienic sanitation, formless roads and the piled up waste, the crux of the statement is that the impact of importation of cultural practices soon discoloured the dream of modernity of early New Zealanders. The surfacing of the city brought with it correlations between human and dirt, matter and culture. Dirt was an unalterable part of the new community, which formed and grew in the presence of disease, decay, and pollution. From the 1790 onwards, the European settlement was intermittent